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Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan is known for its unique landscapes and historical sites. Visitors can explore the ancient ruins of Merv, the striking Darvaza Gas Crater, and the modern city of Ashgabat. Its blend of history and natural wonders makes Turkmenistan an intriguing destination.
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Summary
Neighboring Countries
Overview
Months
05. May, 06. June, 07. July, 08. August, 09. September
Vacation type
Beach, Couple, Family, Hiking, Nature
Expenses
<100€, <150€, <200€, 0-50€, Over 200€
Temperature
20-25°C, 25-30°C, Over 30°C
Rainfall
0-50mm
Safety
Medium
Continent
Asia
Currency
Manat
Languages
Turkmen
Currency Converter
When to visit
The best time to visit Turkmenistan is during the spring (April to June) and autumn (September to November). These seasons offer more moderate temperatures and less extreme weather, making it ideal for exploring the country's unique landscapes and historical sites.
- Spring (April to June): Features mild temperatures and blooming landscapes, perfect for exploring cities like Ashgabat and historical sites such as Merv and Konye-Urgench.
- Autumn (September to November): Offers cooler temperatures and comfortable weather, suitable for visiting Turkmenistan’s desert landscapes and cultural attractions.
- Summer (July to August) can be extremely hot, especially in the desert areas, with temperatures often exceeding 40°C (104°F), making travel less comfortable.
- Winter (December to February) can be cold, particularly in the northern regions and desert areas, with temperatures dropping significantly. This period is less ideal for travel due to the colder conditions.
Weather, Crowds and Costs
Per one person
Tourist Season: May-October (Warm and Dry)
Budget Vacation ($30-70/day)
Accommodation: $10-30/night (budget hotels, hostels).
Food: $5-15/day (local restaurants, street food).
Activities: $5-15/day (sightseeing, museums).
Transportation: $5-10/day (local buses, taxis).
Other Costs: $5/day (souvenirs).
Mid-Range Vacation ($70-150/day)
Accommodation: $30-60/night (mid-range hotels, guesthouses).
Food: $15-30/day (local restaurants, casual dining).
Activities: $10-30/day (guided tours, local attractions).
Transportation: $10-20/day (local taxis, car rentals).
Other Costs: $5-15/day (souvenirs, activities).
Luxury Vacation ($150+/day)
Accommodation: $60+/night (luxury hotels).
Food: $20+/day (fine dining, upscale restaurants).
Activities: $30+/day (private tours, luxury excursions).
Transportation: $20+/day (private taxis, transport services).
Other Costs: $10+/day (luxury shopping, exclusive experiences).
Off-Peak Season: November-April (Cooler and Windy)
Budget Vacation ($20-50/day)
Accommodation: $10-20/night (budget guesthouses).
Food: $5-10/day (local dining, simple meals).
Activities: $5-10/day (local exploration, museums).
Transportation: $5/day (local buses).
Other Costs: $5/day (souvenirs).
Mid-Range Vacation ($50-120/day)
Accommodation: $20-40/night (mid-range hotels).
Food: $10-20/day (local meals, cafes).
Activities: $10-20/day (city tours, historical sites).
Transportation: $10-15/day (taxis, public transport).
Other Costs: $5-10/day (souvenirs).
Luxury Vacation ($120+/day)
Accommodation: $40+/night (luxury hotels, resorts).
Food: $15+/day (fine dining, luxury restaurants).
Activities: $20+/day (private tours, cultural experiences).
Transportation: $15+/day (private transport).
Other Costs: $10+/day (luxury experiences, shopping).
Best Regions to visit
Cities
1. Ashgabat
- The capital city known for its modern architecture, grand monuments, and extensive parks.
2. Mary
- Famous for its proximity to ancient Merv, a UNESCO World Heritage site.
3. Turkmenabat
- A major city near the border with Uzbekistan, known for its historical sites and the Karakum Desert.
4. Dashoguz
- Home to the ancient city of Kunya-Urgench, another UNESCO World Heritage site.
Ashgabat
Islands
Turkmenistan does not have notable islands as it is a landlocked country. However, it does have a coastline along the Caspian Sea, where you might find some smaller coastal areas and resorts, but they are not typically classified as islands. For islands in the broader region, you would need to look at neighboring countries with access to seas or oceans.
Things to see
Natural Attractions
1. Door to Hell (Derweze)
- Witness this unique natural gas crater that has been burning continuously since the 1970s, creating a dramatic and otherworldly fiery spectacle in the Karakum Desert.
2. Karakum Desert
- Explore this vast desert landscape known for its shifting sand dunes, arid beauty, and opportunities for desert trekking and off-road adventures.
3. Yangykala Canyon
- Discover the stunning geological formations of this canyon, known for its colorful rock formations and striking landscapes, providing excellent opportunities for hiking and photography.
4. Merv
- Visit the ancient ruins of Merv, a UNESCO World Heritage site, with well-preserved remains of a once-great Silk Road city, including ancient mosques, mausoleums, and city walls.
5. Kugitang Nature Reserve
- Explore this reserve in the Kugitang Mountains, known for its diverse flora and fauna, as well as the stunning landscapes of rugged mountains and deep canyons.
6. Awaza
- Relax at this seaside resort on the Caspian Sea, offering beautiful beaches, modern resorts, and recreational activities such as swimming and boating.
Cultural Attractions
1. Ashgabat
- Explore the capital city known for its impressive marble architecture, including landmarks like the Neutrality Monument, the Turkmenbashi Palace, and the sprawling Independence Monument.
2. Turkmenbashi Mausoleum
- Visit this grand mausoleum dedicated to the first President of Turkmenistan, located in the town of Turkmenbashi, showcasing elaborate architecture and historical significance.
3. Kunya-Urgench
- Discover the historical ruins of Kunya-Urgench, including ancient minarets, mausoleums, and city walls, reflecting the rich history and architecture of this Silk Road city.
4. Gypjak Mosque
-Admire this large mosque and its adjacent mausoleum in Ashgabat, known for its impressive architecture, spacious prayer hall, and ornate interiors.
5. Nisa
- Explore the ancient ruins of Nisa, once a major fortress city of the Parthian Empire, featuring well-preserved ruins of temples, fortifications, and architectural structures.
6. State Museum of Turkmenistan
- Visit this museum in Ashgabat to see a diverse collection of artifacts, including historical relics, cultural exhibits, and displays of Turkmenistan’s rich heritage and traditions.
How to get around
1. Domestic Flights
- Domestic flights are the most efficient way to cover long distances within Turkmenistan. Turkmenistan Airlines offers flights connecting major cities like Ashgabat, Turkmenbashi, Mary, and Dashoguz. This is especially useful for reaching distant regions quickly.
2. Trains
- Trains operated by Turkmenistan Railways provide a scenic and cost-effective way to travel between cities. The train network connects major locations like Ashgabat and Turkmenbashi, and is a good option for longer journeys across the country.
3. Buses
- Long-distance buses are available for travel between cities and towns. Services are operated by both state and private companies. While not the fastest option, buses are an economical way to travel and can take you to more remote areas.
4. Shared Taxis
- Shared taxis are common for intercity travel. They are faster than buses and are often used for routes between major cities and regional centers. Shared taxis typically leave when full and are a flexible option for longer trips.
5. Car Rentals
- Renting a car provides flexibility to explore Turkmenistan at your own pace. It’s useful for visiting various attractions like Merv, Kunya-Urgench, and Nisa. Ensure you have a valid international driver’s license and be aware of local driving conditions and regulations.
6. Taxis
- Taxis are available in cities like Ashgabat and Turkmenbashi. In Ashgabat, taxis are often metered, but in other areas, fares may need to be negotiated in advance. Taxis are convenient for short trips and local travel.
7. Walking
- Walking is ideal for exploring urban areas, especially in Ashgabat. Many attractions and points of interest are within walking distance, allowing you to experience the city at a leisurely pace.
8. Cycling
- Cycling is possible in urban areas and is becoming more popular. Some cities have bike rental services or designated paths. It’s a good way to explore city parks and nearby attractions.
For the best experience, use domestic flights for long-distance travel, trains and shared taxis for regional trips, and car rentals for flexible exploration. Taxis and walking are useful for local travel, while cycling can be a pleasant way to explore urban areas.
What to eat
1. Plov
- A rice dish cooked with meat, carrots, and spices, a staple in Turkmen cuisine.
2. Kebabs
- Grilled meat skewers, often served with bread and salads.
3. Manti
- Steamed dumplings filled with meat and onions, often served with yogurt.
4. Shorpa
- A hearty soup made with meat and vegetables, showcasing local flavors.
5. Churek
- A traditional bread, often served with meals.
Flights
Flight prices are approximate and vary by departure city, airline, and booking time. Check airlines or travel platforms for the latest details.
Main Airport: Ashgabat International Airport (ASB)
Flight Prices and Seasons:
From Europe
- Average Round-Trip Cost: €700 to €1,400.
- Cheapest Months: April to October.
- Peak Prices: December holidays and summer months (June to August).
From North America
- Average Round-Trip Cost: $900 to $1,500.
- Cheapest Months: April to October.
- Peak Prices: December holidays and summer months (June to August).
From Asia
- Average Round-Trip Cost: $400 to $700.
- Cheapest Months: April to October.
- Peak Prices: December holidays and summer months (June to August).
From Australia
- Average Round-Trip Cost: $1,000 to $1,800.
- Cheapest Months: April to October.
- Peak Prices: December holidays and summer months (June to August).
From Africa
- Average Round-Trip Cost: $800 to $1,400.
- Cheapest Months: April to October.
- Peak Prices: December holidays and summer months (June to August).
Visa
1. Visa Requirement
- Most travelers, including citizens of the U.S., Canada, the U.K., and Australia need a visa to enter Turkmenistan.
2. Visa Application
- Travelers must apply for a Turkmenistan visa at a Turkmen embassy or consulate before traveling. An invitation letter may be required.
3. Types of Visa
- Common visa types include a Tourist Visa: Typically valid for tourism, allowing stays of up to 30 days.
4. Processing Time
- Visa processing can take up to 10 business days, so it’s advisable to apply well in advance.
5. Duration of Stay
- Tourist visas generally allow for stays of up to 30 days, with options for extension.
6. Health Requirements
- No specific vaccinations are generally required for entry, but travel insurance is recommended.
7. COVID-19 Regulations
- Check for any current COVID-19 entry requirements before traveling, as regulations may change.
8. Registration
- Visitors must register with the State Migration Service within three days of arrival.
Important things to know
1. Payments
- The local currency is the Turkmen Manat (TMT). Credit cards are not widely accepted.
2. Tap Water
- Tap water is generally not safe to drink. Bottled water is recommended.
3. Electricity
- The voltage is 220V, and plug types C and E are used.
4. Tipping in Restaurants
- Tipping is appreciated, usually around 10%.
5. SIM Cards
- Local SIM cards are available from providers like Altyn Asyr.
6. Driving Side
- In Turkmenistan, people drive on the right side of the road.