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Kazakhstan
The Last Wild Apple Forests
Photo by Malay Gupta https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Apple_plantations_in_Pulga,_Himachal_Pradesh.jpg
Where are they?
The last wild apple forests are located in the foothills of the Tien Shan Mountains in southeastern Kazakhstan, near the cities of Almaty and Talgar. These forests are part of a region believed to be the origin of the modern apple and are protected within areas like the Ile-Alatau National Park and the Zhongar-Alatau National Park.
What is it?
The wild apple forests, primarily made up of the species Malus sieversii, represent the ancestral lineage of all cultivated apples in the world. These ancient forests are unique for their genetic diversity, showcasing apples of varying shapes, sizes, colors, and flavors.
Key details about the wild apple forests include:
Origins of Modern Apples: DNA studies confirm that domesticated apples trace their lineage to these forests. Apples spread westward along the Silk Road, evolving into the varieties we know today.
Biodiversity Hotspot: The forests not only host wild apples but also other rare plants and animals, contributing to the region’s ecological richness.
Threats: These forests are under threat from deforestation, urban expansion, and climate change, making conservation efforts crucial.
Best Time to Visit
Spring (April to June): The forests bloom with wildflowers, and the apple trees are covered in blossoms, making it a picturesque time to visit.
Autumn (September to October): This is the harvest season when the apple trees bear fruit, offering a chance to see and taste the wild apples in their natural habitat.
Summer (July to August): A great time for hiking and exploring the surrounding Tien Shan Mountains, though temperatures can be warm.
Tips for the Trip
Visit Protected Areas: Explore the Ile-Alatau National Park for accessible trails and guided tours that lead into the wild apple forests.
Guided Excursions: Hire a local guide to learn about the forests’ history, biodiversity, and conservation efforts.
Combine with Local Culture: While in Almaty, experience Kazakh culture by visiting local markets, tasting traditional cuisine, or exploring historical sites like the Green Bazaar.
Prepare for Hiking: The terrain in the Tien Shan foothills can be uneven, so sturdy footwear and appropriate clothing are recommended.
Baikonur Cosmodrome
Where is it?
The Baikonur Cosmodrome is located in the desert steppes of southern Kazakhstan, near the town of Baikonur. Although it is geographically in Kazakhstan, the facility is leased and operated by Russia under a long-term agreement. It lies approximately 200 kilometers (124 miles) east of the Aral Sea and is accessible via flights to nearby Kyzylorda or direct arrangements to Baikonur.
What is it?
The Baikonur Cosmodrome is the world’s first and largest operational space launch facility. Established in 1955 by the Soviet Union, it has been central to many historic milestones in space exploration.
Key highlights of Baikonur include:
Historic Significance:The Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite, was launched from here in 1957, marking the start of the space age.
Yuri Gagarin, the first human in space, launched from Baikonur aboard Vostok 1 in 1961.
Current Operations: Today, Baikonur remains a vital hub for space missions, especially for launches of Soyuz spacecraft transporting astronauts and supplies to the International Space Station (ISS).
Infrastructure: The site features launch pads, assembly facilities, and tracking stations. It spans a vast area of over 6,700 square kilometers.
Best Time to Visit
April to October: These months offer pleasant weather and are ideal for exploring the site and surrounding desert terrain.
Launch Days: Visiting during a scheduled rocket launch is a unique experience. Check the Roscosmos schedule for upcoming missions. Launches often occur early in the morning or late at night.
Tips for the Trip
Organized Tours: Due to its remote location and restricted access, visiting Baikonur typically requires joining an organized tour, which provides permits, transportation, and guided experiences.
Explore the Town of Baikonur: The nearby town features museums, monuments, and displays related to Soviet and Russian space exploration.
Travel Preparations:Bring appropriate clothing for desert conditions, including sun protection and sturdy footwear.
Obtain any necessary permits or visas in advance, as Baikonur is a restricted area.